Sulfur
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Sulfur is an abundant, naturally-occurring inorganic element that exists in multiple allotropes. S8 is the predominant form in crystalline sulfur, which also contains trace amounts of other variants. Naturally-occurring sulfur can undergo sublimation to produce a bright yellow powder known as "flowers of sulfur," which has distinct properties and applications.

This yellow crystalline substance has been valued throughout history, particularly for its fungicidal and antimicrobial properties. The ancient Egyptians used sulfur to bleach fabrics, the Greeks and Romans used it as a topical pharmaceutical for skin conditions, and the Chinese used it to make explosives. It is also considered to be one of the earliest fungicides. Today, it maintains its usefulness in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries, and is further used in modern industries. For example, sulfur can be used for waste water treatment and synthesis of functional polymers.
Originally, volcanic deposits in Sicily were the primary source of natural sulfur. Today, most of the global supply of sulfur is produced via oxidation of toxic hydrogen sulfide from refining operations. Sulfur itself is environmentally benign and non-toxic to humans.
The following areas are the most prevalent applications for sulfur.